With the recent taxonomic review of Chaetostoma DC., it was found that six species did not present the set of diagnostic features established to delimit the genus. Chaetostoma is characterized by sessile, keeled to subkeeled, overlapping, acute leaves and a trichome crown on the external apex of the length of the hypanthium. Three species of Chaetostoma are transferred to Microlicia D. Don: M. acuminata Naudin (C. acuminatum (Naudin) Cogniaux), M. castrata Naudin (C. castratum (Naudin) Cogniaux), and M. oxyanthera Naudin (C. oxyantherum (Naudin) Triana). Two new names are also proposed: M. baumgratziana A. B. Martins & Koschnitzke (C. gardneri Triana) and M. semiriana Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins (C. luetzelburgii Markgraf). The new combination M. parvula (Markgraf) Koschnitzke & A. B. Martins (C. parvulum Markgraf) is provided. The name M. oxyanthera Naudin is lectotypified herein.